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<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.112) - Documentation Index</title></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 9</h1><div class="versionInfo">
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            Version 9.0.112,
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            <time datetime="2025-11-06">Nov 6 2025</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">27) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">28) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">29) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">30) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">32) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">33) Rewrite</a></li><li><a href="cdi.html">34) CDI 2 and JAX-RS</a></li><li><a href="graal.html">35) AOT/GraalVM Support</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 4.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Documentation Index</h2><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
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<p>This is the top-level entry point of the documentation bundle for the
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<strong>Apache Tomcat</strong> Servlet/JSP container.  Apache Tomcat version
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9.0 implements the Servlet 4.0 and JavaServer Pages 2.3
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<a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Specifications">specifications</a> from the
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<a href="https://www.jcp.org">Java Community Process</a>, and includes many
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additional features that make it a useful platform for developing and deploying
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web applications and web services.</p>
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<p>Select one of the links from the navigation menu (to the left) to drill
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down to the more detailed documentation that is available.  Each available
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manual is described in more detail below.</p>
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</div><h3 id="Apache_Tomcat_User_Guide">Apache Tomcat User Guide</h3><div class="text">
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<p>The following documents will assist you in downloading and installing
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Apache Tomcat, and using many of the Apache Tomcat features.</p>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="introduction.html"><strong>Introduction</strong></a> - A
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    brief, high level, overview of Apache Tomcat.</li>
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<li><a href="setup.html"><strong>Setup</strong></a> - How to install and run
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    Apache Tomcat on a variety of platforms.</li>
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<li><a href="appdev/index.html"><strong>First web application</strong></a>
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    - An introduction to the concepts of a <em>web application</em> as defined
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    in the Servlet Specification.  Covers basic organization of your web application
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    source tree, the structure of a web application archive, and an
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    introduction to the web application deployment descriptor
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    (<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>).</li>
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<li><a href="deployer-howto.html"><strong>Deployer</strong></a> -
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    Operating the Apache Tomcat Deployer to deploy, precompile, and validate web
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    applications.</li>
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<li><a href="manager-howto.html"><strong>Manager</strong></a> -
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    Operating the <strong>Manager</strong> web app to deploy, undeploy, and
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    redeploy applications while Apache Tomcat is running.</li>
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<li><a href="host-manager-howto.html"><strong>Host Manager</strong></a> -
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    Operating the <strong>Host Manager</strong> web app to add and remove
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    virtual hosts while Apache Tomcat is running.</li>
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<li><a href="realm-howto.html"><strong>Realms and Access Control</strong></a>
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    - Description of how to configure <em>Realms</em> (databases of users,
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    passwords, and their associated roles) for use in web applications that
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    utilize <em>Container Managed Security</em>.</li>
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<li><a href="security-manager-howto.html"><strong>Security Manager</strong></a>
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    - Configuring and using a Java Security Manager to
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    support fine-grained control over the behavior of your web applications.
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    </li>
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<li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html"><strong>JNDI Resources</strong></a>
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    - Configuring standard and custom resources in the JNDI naming context
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    that is provided to each web application.</li>
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<li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">
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    <strong>JDBC DataSource</strong></a>
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    - Configuring a JNDI DataSource with a DB connection pool.
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    Examples for many popular databases.</li>
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<li><a href="class-loader-howto.html"><strong>Classloading</strong></a>
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    - Information about class loading in Apache Tomcat, including where to place
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    your application classes so that they are visible.</li>
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<li><a href="jasper-howto.html"><strong>JSPs</strong></a>
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    - Information about Jasper configuration, as well as the JSP compiler
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    usage.</li>
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<li><a href="ssl-howto.html"><strong>SSL/TLS</strong></a> -
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    Installing and configuring SSL/TLS support so that your Apache Tomcat will
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    serve requests using the <code>https</code> protocol.</li>
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<li><a href="ssi-howto.html"><strong>SSI</strong></a> -
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    Using Server Side Includes in Apache Tomcat.</li>
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<li><a href="cgi-howto.html"><strong>CGI</strong></a> -
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    Using CGIs with Apache Tomcat.</li>
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<li><a href="proxy-howto.html"><strong>Proxy Support</strong></a> -
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    Configuring Apache Tomcat to run behind a proxy server (or a web server
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    functioning as a proxy server).</li>
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<li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html"><strong>MBeans Descriptors</strong></a> -
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    Configuring MBean descriptors files for custom components.</li>
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<li><a href="default-servlet.html"><strong>Default Servlet</strong></a> -
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    Configuring the default servlet and customizing directory listings.</li>
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<li><a href="cluster-howto.html"><strong>Apache Tomcat Clustering</strong></a> -
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    Enable session replication in a Apache Tomcat environment.</li>
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<li><a href="balancer-howto.html"><strong>Balancer</strong></a> -
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    Configuring, using, and extending the load balancer application.</li>
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<li><a href="connectors.html"><strong>Connectors</strong></a> -
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    Connectors available in Apache Tomcat, and native web server integration.</li>
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<li><a href="monitoring.html"><strong>Monitoring and Management</strong></a> -
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    Enabling JMX Remote support, and using tools to monitor and manage Apache Tomcat.</li>
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<li><a href="logging.html"><strong>Logging</strong></a> -
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    Configuring logging in Apache Tomcat.</li>
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<li><a href="apr.html"><strong>Apache Portable Runtime</strong></a> -
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    Using APR to provide superior performance, scalability and better
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    integration with native server technologies.</li>
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<li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html"><strong>Virtual Hosting</strong></a> -
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    Configuring virtual hosting in Apache Tomcat.</li>
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<li><a href="aio.html"><strong>Advanced IO</strong></a> -
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    Extensions available over regular, blocking IO.</li>
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<li><a href="maven-jars.html"><strong>Using Tomcat libraries with Maven</strong></a> -
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    Obtaining Tomcat jars through Maven.</li>
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<li><a href="security-howto.html"><strong>Security Considerations</strong></a> -
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    Options to consider when securing an Apache Tomcat installation.</li>
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<li><a href="windows-service-howto.html"><strong>Windows Service</strong></a> -
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    Running Tomcat as a service on Microsoft Windows.</li>
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<li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html"><strong>Windows Authentication</strong></a> -
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    Configuring Tomcat to use integrated Windows authentication.</li>
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<li><a href="jdbc-pool.html"><strong>High Concurrency JDBC Pool</strong></a> -
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    Configuring Tomcat to use an alternative JDBC pool.</li>
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<li><a href="web-socket-howto.html"><strong>WebSocket support</strong></a> -
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    Developing WebSocket applications for Apache Tomcat.</li>
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<li><a href="rewrite.html"><strong>URL rewrite</strong></a> -
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    Using the regexp based rewrite valve for conditional URL and host rewrite.</li>
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<li><a href="cdi.html"><strong>CDI and JAX-RS support</strong></a> -
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    Configuring CDI,JAX-RS and Eclipse Microprofile support.</li>
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<li><a href="graal.html"><strong>AOT compilation support</strong></a> -
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    Ahead of Time compilation support with GraalVM/Native Image.</li>
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</ol>
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</div><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><div class="text">
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<p>The following documents are aimed at <em>System Administrators</em> who
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are responsible for installing, configuring, and operating an Apache Tomcat server.
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt"><strong>Release notes</strong></a>
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    - Known issues in this Apache Tomcat release.
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    </li>
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<li><a href="config/index.html"><strong>Apache Tomcat Server Configuration Reference</strong></a>
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    - Reference manual that documents all available elements and attributes
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      that may be placed into the Apache Tomcat <code>conf/server.xml</code> file.
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    </li>
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<li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/index.html"><strong>JK Documentation</strong></a>
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    - Complete documentation and HOWTOs on the JK native webserver connector,
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      used to interface Apache Tomcat with servers like Apache HTTPd, IIS
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      and others.</li>
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<li>Servlet 4.0
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    <a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr369/index.html">
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    <strong>Specification</strong></a> and
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    <a href="https://javaee.github.io/javaee-spec/javadocs/javax/servlet/package-summary.html">
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    <strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
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    </li>
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<li>JSP 2.3
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    <a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr245/index2.html">
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    <strong>Specification</strong></a> and
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    <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/servlet/jsp/package-summary.html">
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    <strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
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    </li>
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<li>EL 3.0
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    <a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr341/index.html">
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    <strong>Specification</strong></a> and
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    <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/el/package-summary.html">
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    <strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
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    </li>
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<li>WebSocket 1.1
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    <a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr356/index.html">
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    <strong>Specification</strong></a> and
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    <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/websocket/package-summary.html">
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    <strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
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    </li>
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<li>JASPIC 1.1
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    <a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr196/index.html">
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    <strong>Specification</strong></a> and
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    <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/security/auth/message/package-summary.html">
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    <strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
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    </li>
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</ul>
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</div><h3 id="Apache_Tomcat_Developers">Apache Tomcat Developers</h3><div class="text">
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<p>The following documents are for Java developers who wish to contribute to
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the development of the <em>Apache Tomcat</em> project.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="building.html"><strong>Building from Source</strong></a> -
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    Details the steps necessary to download Apache Tomcat source code (and the
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    other packages that it depends on), and build a binary distribution from
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    those sources.
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    </li>
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<li><a href="changelog.html"><strong>Changelog</strong></a> - Details the
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    changes made to Apache Tomcat.
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    </li>
177 
<li><a href="https://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions"><strong>Status</strong></a> -
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    Apache Tomcat development status.
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    </li>
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<li><a href="developers.html"><strong>Developers</strong></a> - List of active
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    Apache Tomcat contributors.
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    </li>
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<li><a href="api/index.html"><strong>Javadocs</strong></a>
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    - Javadoc API documentation for Apache Tomcat's internals.</li>
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<li><a href="architecture/index.html"><strong>Apache Tomcat Architecture</strong></a>
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    - Documentation of the Apache Tomcat Server Architecture.</li>
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</ul>
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</div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
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    Copyright &copy; 1999-2025, The Apache Software Foundation
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    <br>
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    Apache Tomcat, Tomcat, Apache, the Apache Tomcat logo and the Apache logo
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    are either registered trademarks or trademarks of the Apache Software
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    Foundation.
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    </div></footer></div></body></html>